Antenatal care is the integrated care provided to pregnant women to facilitate safe pregnancy and delivery outcomes. Its stipulation promotes positive pregnancy effects as it enables the detection of potential risk factors and allows for the timely diagnosis of pregnancy complications. Through screening services, the assessment of pregnancy risks, and treatment of complications likely to arise during the pregnancy period, pregnancy outcomes can be improved. Moreover, the dissemination of pertinent information to the pregnant women, prepares them mentally and physically for childbirth and motherhood.
During the initial visit, a woman is issued with an ANC card, which she is to use on subsequent visits. The risk factors and possible complications are assessed. A medical history is conducted to establish the presence of medical conditions, mental health disorders, genetic disorders, drug use, allergies, previous pregnancies etc. Further, a clinical diagnosis is performed where height and weight are measured; blood pressure, heart rate and oedema are also examined. A systemic examination is carried out to determine heart, lung and thyroid functions. The condition of the teeth and gums is also examined.
The uterus is examined and the testing of STIs performed..During this visit , the woman is administered with iron and folate supplements to reduce risk of anaemia. Calcium supplements may also be administered depending on risk of pre-eclampsia. A tetanus injection is administered to reduce risk of transmission to foetus.
The subsequent ANC visits are marked by education on pregnancy issues-questions the woman has concerning their pregnancy are addressed , medical examinations , weight monitoring and the management of any identified complications.