This post will define what dehydration is and its causes and effects. Water contributes critical roles in the sustenance of various physiological functionalities (Please refer to the post on water to understand its benefits).
Causes of dehydration
- Excessive diarrhoea and vomiting -Can lead to water and mineral losses.
- Medications e.g. diuretics , hypertension medicines can lead to increased urination which can cause dehydration.
- Activities such as intense exercise can lead to heavy sweating and thus dehydration.
- Hot weather-Can lead to sweating, which can cause water losses.
Most dehydration cases are as a result of the intake of certain medications or presence of certain conditions, and not merely less water intake.
Symptoms of Dehydration
Among infants
- Dry mouth
- Irritation
- Rapid heart rate
- Dry skin
- Sunken eyes or cheeks
- Less urination
- Tiredness
Among adults:
- Constipation
- Confusion
- Tiredness
- Dry non-elastic skin
- Less urination
- Dizziness
- Headaches
- Sunken eyes or cheeks
Complications
- Urinary tract and kidney damage
- Consistent dehydration can cause urinary tract infections and kidney infections. Low blood volume can lead to a decrease in blood pressure , in turn reduced levels of oxygen in the body.
- Seizures-the electrolyte losses can interfere with cell electrical transmission which can cause wrong signalling that may lead to heat injury.
Prevention
- Consume water regularly.
- Intake other fluids
- Take adequate fruits
- Drink regularly throughout the day