Nutrition Assessment Methods

In this post, we will outline the various nutrition assessment methods.These nutrition assessment methods are employed to determine your nutrition status. They can be classified into 4 categories including:

Anthropometric assessment methods–This method involves non-invasive procedures. It involves taking:

• Body weight measurements 
• Stature –Height measurements, knee height and arm span
• Skinfold thickness-It estimates the amount of subcutaneous fat at various parts of the body such as the triceps, biceps,  suprailiac skinfold,  for body fat estimation.
• Circumference measurements of the abdomen, thigh or arm.

Anthropometric assessment tools include: Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) tape, weighing scale, calipers.

Biochemical assessment methods–This assessment method involves the use of laboratory tests to detect deficiencies when suspected. Laboratory tests can be performed when micro-nutrient deficiencies of vitamins A,E,C, D, and K, B vitamins or minerals such as zinc, iron, calcium are likely. These tests can also be performed to determine lipid profile, serum electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), blood glucose levels and creatinine levels.

Clinical  assessment methods–Involves assessing the physical signs that present when there is a deficiency. The health practitioner observes specific signs that may indicate a nutrient deficiency. For example, the health practitioner may observe certain signs such as muscle wasting or oedema. The patient may also be requested to inform any symptoms they are experiencing that may be associated with a condition, for example if they are feeling tired, dizzy or have loss of appetite.

Dietary assessment methods-This method entails the gathering of information on a client’s dietary consumption patterns over a designated period. The client is requested to provide a list of foods and drinks consumed within a certain period to establish the nutrient intake. Sample questions to be asked may include:

• Do you prepare your meals at home?
• What have you eaten in the last 24 hours?
• Do you take any dietary supplements? If so, which ones? 

Dietary assessment tools include:

• 24-hour recall-Assesses the nutrient intake within last 24 hours. 

• Food Record-A detailed record of all foods, drinks, and dietary supplements taken in a specified period of time.
• Food Frequency Questionnaire-Contains a list of foods and drinks to determine the usual frequency of intake.